Antiretroviral drug resistance–implications for HIV/AIDS reduction in sub-saharan Africa and other developing countries.

by: admin - September 30th, 2010   Filed under: PubMed Africa Related Add Comment

Antiretroviral drug resistance–implications for HIV/AIDS reduction in sub-saharan Africa and other developing countries.

Niger J Med. 2010 Jul-Sep;19(3):302-10

Authors: Obiako OR, Murktar HM, Ogoina D

BACKGROUND: The introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s has significantly reduced morbidities and prolonged the lifespan of people living with HIV However, the emergence of resistance to the antiretroviral drugs is becoming a major cause of treatment failure. While the problem of drug resistance is being tackled in developed countries, not much seem to be done in this regard in developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. This review looked at the regional distribution of HIV groups and subtypes and how this has affected the pattern of antiretroviral resistance. Read More

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More developing countries show universal access to HIV/AIDS services is possible

by: admin - September 30th, 2010   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment
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Sustained commitments necessary to secure future progress

28 September 2010 | GENEVA / NAIROBI / WASHINGTON D.C – Significant progress has been made in several low- and middle-income countries in increasing access to HIV/AIDS services, according to a new report released today. The report Towards Universal Access by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) is the fourth annual report for tracking progress made in achieving the 2010 target of providing universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care. Read More

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HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in six percent of persons initiating antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.

by: admin - September 29th, 2010   Filed under: PubMed Africa Related Add Comment

HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in six percent of persons initiating antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Sep 1;55(1):95-101

Authors: Hamers RL, Siwale M, Wallis CL, Labib M, van Hasselt R, Stevens WS, Schuurman R, Wensing AM, Van Vugt M, Rinke de Wit TF,

OBJECTIVE: To assess the mutational patterns and factors associated with baseline drug-resistant HIV-1 present at initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 3 sites in Lusaka, Zambia, in 2007-2008. Read More

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Persistence of Genital Tract T Cell Responses in HIV-Infected Women on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [Pathogenesis and Immunity]

by: admin - September 22nd, 2010   Filed under: Journal of Virology Add Comment

Initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-infected individuals is associated with control of viremia, improved CD4 counts, and declining systemic HIV-specific immune responses. While HAART effectively reduces plasma viremia, it remains unclear how effectively antiretroviral drugs reach mucosal surfaces, such as those of the genital tract. Read More

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The prevalence of dual human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) infection in asymptomatic pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria.

by: admin - September 19th, 2010   Filed under: PubMed Africa Related Add Comment

The prevalence of dual human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) infection in asymptomatic pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria.

Afr J Reprod Health. 2009 Jun;13(2):97-108

Authors: Onakewhor JU, Okonofua FE

Concerted efforts have been made to combat HIV infection in Nigerian. By contrast, much less attention has been paid to hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. These viruses have similar immuno-epidemiology. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV/HIV dual infection among 269 antenatal attendees at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in southern Nigeria. The study was prospective and cross-sectional and consisted of the analysis of the sera of the participants for anti-HCV and HIV antibodies using ELISA.

The result showed that 1.86% samples were HCV antibodies positive while 8.30% were seropositive for HIV-1 antibodies. There were no cases of dual infections. The HIV positive women and their babies had antiretroviral therapy. We conclude that dual HCV/HIV infection in pregnancy in Nigeria may be uncommon but suggest multicenter studies to determine the national prevalence while initiating strategies for their prevention.

PMID: 20690253 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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A ‘good hospital’: Nurse and patient perceptions of good clinical care for HIV-positive people on antiretroviral treatment in rural Zimbabwe-A mixed-methods qualitative study.

by: admin - September 6th, 2010   Filed under: PubMed Africa Related Add Comment

A ‘good hospital’: Nurse and patient perceptions of good clinical care for HIV-positive people on antiretroviral treatment in rural Zimbabwe-A mixed-methods qualitative study.

Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 Aug 27;

Authors: Campbell C, Scott K, Madanhire C, Nyamukapa C, Gregson S

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral treatment for HIV is gradually being made available across sub-Saharan Africa. With antiretroviral treatment, HIV can be approached as a chronic, manageable condition rather than a shorter-term issue of palliative care. This treatment involves repeated interaction between health staff and patients for ongoing check-ups and prescription refills.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand patient and healthcare staff perceptions of good clinical antiretroviral treatment care. Read More

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Reconstitution of CD4 T Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [Vaccines and Antiviral Agents]

by: admin - September 1st, 2010   Filed under: Journal of Virology Add Comment

The massive depletion of gastrointestinal-tract CD4 T cells is a hallmark of the acute phase of HIV infection. In contrast, the depletion of the lower-respiratory-tract mucosal CD4 T cells as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is more moderate and similar to the depletion of CD4 T cells observed in peripheral blood (PB). Read More

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SOUTH AFRICA: Nevirapine linked to HIV treatment failure

by: admin - August 30th, 2010   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

(PLUSNEWS) – One of the cheapest and most commonly used drugs for treating HIV in Africa – nevirapine – has been associated with an increased risk of treatment failure in a retrospective South African study.
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KENYA: TB patients with HIV miss out on ARVs

by: admin - August 28th, 2010   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

NAIROBI, 20 August 2010 (PLUSNEWS) – Only a third of Kenyans infected with tuberculosis and HIV are receiving treatment for both conditions, despite the latest World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommending that anti-retrovirals be taken soon after TB treatment begins.
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[Newsdesk] Trial results finally show potential for microbicidal HIV gel

by: admin - August 26th, 2010   Filed under: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Salim and Quarraisha Abdool Karim, husband and wife, and co-principle researchers on the Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) trial, received a standing ovation at the recent International AIDS Society Conference in Vienna when they announced their results, which showed—for the first time—that the use of an antiretroviral microbicidal gel can protect against HIV transmission. Mathematical modelling suggests that, in South Africa alone, this gel can prevent up to 1·3 million new infections and 8000 HIV-related deaths during the next 20 years.
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Reducing mortality with cotrimoxazole preventive therapy at initiation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

by: admin - August 25th, 2010   Filed under: PubMed Africa Related Add Comment

Reducing mortality with cotrimoxazole preventive therapy at initiation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

AIDS. 2010 Jul 17;24(11):1709-16

Authors: Hoffmann CJ, Fielding KL, Charalambous S, Innes C, Chaisson RE, Grant AD, Churchyard GJ

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) among individuals with CD4 cell count above 200 cells/microl and varying WHO clinical stages in reducing mortality during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Read More

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GLOBAL: Straight Talk with Dr Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of the International Partnership for Microbicides

by: admin - August 23rd, 2010   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

JOHANNESBURG, 12 August 2010 (PLUSNEWS) – There were cheers and some tears at the International AIDS Conference in Vienna in July when delegates heard the news that a clinical trial in South Africa, had found a vaginal gel containing the antiretroviral drug, tenofovir, was 39 percent effective at reducing women’s risk of contracting HIV during sex.
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