In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Raph Hamers and colleagues report an increased likelihood of virological failure after the first year of standard first-line non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients who have a drug resistance mutation for at least one drug in the regimen. Moreover, they show that the risk of acquired HIV drug resistance is higher in people with pretreatment drug resistance than in those without. Although not entirely surprising, this study provides the first documentation of this finding in an African setting.
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[Comment] Pre-ART HIV resistance testing in Africa: are we there yet?
TB Alliance launches combination drug trial, establishes new pathway to TB and MDR-TB treatment
Goal is to find new treatment that takes months, not years, and cures multiple forms of tuberculosis; announcement made at World TB Day briefing featuring senior US government officials
WASHINGTON, D.C. (19 March 2012) – In an ambitious effort to stem the dangerous tide of tuberculosis (TB) and deadly drug-resistant TB around the world, TB Alliance today announced that it has launched a first-of-its-kind clinical trial to test a novel drug combination – in both patients who have TB, and those who have multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Read More
UCLA researchers suggest unconventional approach to control HIV epidemics
A new weapon has emerged to prevent HIV infection. Called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, it is a strategy of providing medications to at-risk people before they are exposed to the virus. Having shown great promise in recent phase 3 clinical trials, PrEP may soon be rolled out for public use. Read More
[Comment] Pre-ART HIV resistance testing in Africa: are we there yet?
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Raph Hamers and colleagues report an increased likelihood of virological failure after the first year of standard first-line non-nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients who have a drug resistance mutation for at least one drug in the regimen. Moreover, they show that the risk of acquired HIV drug resistance is higher in people with pretreatment drug resistance than in those without. Although not entirely surprising, this study provides the first documentation of this finding in an African setting.
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[Articles] HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study
Summary/Background:
There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the prevalence of primary resistance in six African countries after ART roll-out and if wider use of ART in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with rising prevalence of drug resistance.
Methods:
We did a cross-sectional study in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1 who had not started first-line ART, recruited between 2007 and 2009 from 11 regions in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
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AIDS in Africa: A Pandemic on the Move :: Amazon Sub-Saharan Africa has been more severely affected by AIDS than any other part of the world. The United Nations reports that 25.4 million ad |
Tuberculosis in Sudan: a study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain genotype and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Source: Wikipedia
Background:
Sudan is a large country with a diverse population and history of civil conflict. Poverty levels are high with a gross national income per capita of less than two thousand dollars. The country has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) with an estimated 50,000 incident cases during 2009, when the estimated prevalence was 209 cases per 100,000 of the population. Few studies have been undertaken on TB in Sudan and the prevalence of drug resistant disease is not known. Read More
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Mycobacteria and Tb (Issues in Infectious Diseases, 2) :: Amazon Tuberculosis remains one of the main fatal infections in humans. With annual morbidity and mortality rates worldwide of 8 and 2 million case |
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Handbook of Tuberculosis: Clinics, Diagnostics, Therapy, and Epidemiology :: Amazon Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly airborne disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, takes the lives of almost 2 million people |
[Correspondence] XDR tuberculosis
Source: Freebase
José A Caminero and colleagues recently reviewed drug treatments for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, and a 2010 WHO report on XDR tuberculosis emphasised the need for laboratory services worldwide to upgrade to rapid molecular methods. However, peculiarities of phenotypic mycobacterial drug-susceptibility testing and the molecular mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance and cross-resistance confuse the definition of XDR tuberculosis. Drug resistance is defined as resistance usually to drugs at specific concentrations (so-called critical concentrations), which are typically close to wild-type minimum inhibitory concentrations and bear little relation to drug concentrations achievable at the site of infection in patients.
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Development of New MDR-Tuberculosis Drugs (Pharmacology - Research, Safety Testing and Regulation) :: Amazon The emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, particularly of MDR-TB and newly XDR-TB, has become a major public health problem. T |
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Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World: Fourth Global Report: The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance (Nonserial Publication) :: Amazon Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been recorded at the highest rates ever, according to this new report that presents findings f |
High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo
Source: Freebase
Background:
With widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Africa, one of the major potential challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug-resistant HIV strains. Our objective is to evaluate the virological failure and genotypic drug-resistance mutations in patients receiving first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in routine clinics that use the World Health Organization public health approach to monitor antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Togo. Read More
Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes and drug susceptibility pattern of isolates from tuberculosis patients in South-Western Uganda
Background:
Determination of the prevalence and drug susceptibility of the M. tuberculosis strains is important in tuberculosis control. We determined the genetic diversity and susceptibility profiles of mycobacteria isolated from tuberculosis patients in Mbarara, South Western Uganda.
Methods:
We enrolled, consecutively; all newly diagnosed and previously treated smear-positive TB patients aged [greater than or equal to] 18 years. The isolates were characterized using regions of difference (RD) analysis and spoligotyping. Drug resistance against rifampicin and isoniazid were tested using the Genotype(R) MDRTBplus assay and the indirect proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen media. HIV-1 testing was performed using two rapid HIV tests. Read More
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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine) :: Amazon Leading investigators with extensive practical knowledge and experience describe their best methods for studying the tuberculosis pathogen. |
[Reflection and Reaction] Biosafety and tuberculosis laboratories in Africa
As a major concern of laboratory biosafety, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been classified as a category 3 pathogen, meaning that culture-based work can only be done in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory (smear microscopy can be done in BSL2 laboratories because the risk of significant aerosolisation is low). However, most tuberculosis burden is in low-income countries, such as those in sub-Saharan Africa, that do not have the financial resources to build or maintain expensive and complex BSL3 laboratories (). Some people have even suggested that extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of tuberculosis should be classified as category 4 organisms; however, because a strain cannot be identified as an XDR before culture and sensitivity tests, all culture-based work with M tuberculosis would have to be done in a BSL4 laboratory.
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Disease Outbreaks- Avian influenza – situation in Indonesia – updateThe Indonesian IHR National Focal Point of the Ministry of Health has notified WHO of a new case of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. […]
- Avian influenza – situation in Egypt – updateThe Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt has notified WHO of a new case of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. […]
- Avian influenza – situation in Cambodia – updateThe Ministry of Health (MoH) of the Kingdom of Cambodia has announced a confirmed case of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. […]
- Lassa fever in NigeriaAt the beginning of 2012, WHO was notified by the Federal Ministry of Health in Nigeria of an outbreak of Lassa fever. As of March 22, 2012, 623 suspected cases, including 70 deaths have been recorded from 19 of the 36 States since the beginning of the year. Laboratory analysis undertaken at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua Edo State has confirm […]
- Avian influenza – situation in Egypt – updateThe Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt has notified WHO of two new cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. […]
- Avian influenza – situation in Indonesia – update
Cheap Calls to Kenya
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Mendeley Related Research
