Lipoarabinomannan in urine during tuberculosis treatment: association with host and pathogen factors and mycobacteriuria

by: admin - March 7th, 2012   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment
TB

Background:
Detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall antigen, is a potentially attractive diagnostic. However, the LAM-ELISA assay has demonstrated variable sensitivity in diagnosing TB in diverse clinical populations. We therefore explored pathogen and host factors potentially impacting LAM detection. Read More

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Antituberculosis Chemotherapy (Progress in Respiratory Research) Antituberculosis Chemotherapy (Progress in Respiratory Research) :: Amazon Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases of mankind although drugs for its treatment have been available for nearly 60
The Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines The Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines :: Amazon The World Health Organization's Stop TB Department has prepared this fourth edition of Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines , adhering full
Development of New MDR-Tuberculosis Drugs (Pharmacology - Research, Safety Testing and Regulation) Development of New MDR-Tuberculosis Drugs (Pharmacology - Research, Safety Testing and Regulation) :: Amazon The emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, particularly of MDR-TB and newly XDR-TB, has become a major public health problem. T
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UCLA researchers suggest unconventional approach to control HIV epidemics

by: admin - December 8th, 2011   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

A new weapon has emerged to prevent HIV infection. Called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, it is a strategy of providing medications to at-risk people before they are exposed to the virus. Having shown great promise in recent phase 3 clinical trials, PrEP may soon be rolled out for public use. Read More

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[Comment] Hormonal contraception and HIV: an unanswered question

by: admin - October 14th, 2011   Filed under: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Most of the 16 million women currently living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa, where 60% of HIV infections occur in women. A high proportion of women in this region also use hormonal contraception, especially injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Since the first report of increased HIV acquisition in women taking oral contraceptives, whether hormonal contraception increases the risk of HIV acquisition remains a crucial unanswered question.
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Women's Experiences with HIV / AIDS Women's Experiences with HIV / AIDS :: Amazon HIV/AIDS affects women worldwide. Elderly women bear a disproportionate burden of caring for those who are afflicted with the disease, while
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HIV Surveillance in a Large, Community-Based Study: Results from the Pilot Study of Project Accept (HIV Prevention Trials Network 043)

by: admin - September 27th, 2011   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Background:
Project Accept is a community randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of community mobilization, mobile testing, same-day results, and post-test support for the prevention of HIV infection in Thailand, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. We evaluated the accuracy of in-country HIV rapid testing and determined HIV prevalence in the Project Accept pilot study. Read More

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HIV/AIDS: An Atlas of Investigation and Management HIV/AIDS: An Atlas of Investigation and Management :: Amazon In this new work, authors based at one of London's leading centres for the study and treatment of HIV present a comprehensive visual introdu
When Communities Assess their AIDS Epidemics: Results of Rapid Assessment of HIV/AIDS in Eleven U.S. Cities When Communities Assess their AIDS Epidemics: Results of Rapid Assessment of HIV/AIDS in Eleven U.S. Cities :: Amazon When Communities Assess their AIDS Epidemics is a detailed ethnographic description of the AIDS epidemic in ten U.S. cities and the U.S. Vir
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Harvard School of Public Health awarded $20 million CDC grant to study HIV prevention in Botswana

by: admin - September 22nd, 2011   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

Boston, MA — A new four-year, $20 million grant from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will enable Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) researchers to evaluate the impact and cost-effectiveness of a unique combination of HIV prevention strategies in Botswana. Read More

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The Cytokine Network of Acute HIV Infection: A Promising Target for Vaccines and Therapy to Reduce Viral Set-Point?

by: admin - August 12th, 2011   Filed under: HIV/Aids, PLos Pathogens Add Comment

by Peter D. Katsikis, Yvonne M. Mueller, François Villinger

Source: Freebase

Source: Freebase

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Cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including HIV infection. However, the role of the cytokine network in early HIV infection is only now starting to be elucidated. A number of studies conducted in recent years have indicated that cytokines of the acute/early stages of HIV and SIV infection can impact viral set-point months later, and this is of critical importance since viral set-point during chronic HIV infection affects virus transmission and disease progression. This raises the question whether modulating the cytokine environment during acute/early HIV infection can be a target for novel approaches to develop a vaccine and therapeutics. In this review we focus on the kinetics and function of cytokines during acute HIV and SIV infection and how these may impact viral set-point. We also discuss unresolved questions that are essential for our understanding of the role of acute infection cytokines in HIV infection and that, if answered, may suggest novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies to control the worldwide HIV pandemic.
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AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection, Fourth Edition AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection, Fourth Edition :: Amazon Extensively revised and updated, the new edition of AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection is an essential reference resource provid
Immunology of HIV Infection Immunology of HIV Infection :: Amazon Leading experts provide the only comprehensive book examining all aspects of immune response and immune-based treatments for HIV infection.
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Force of tuberculosis infection among adolescents in a high HIV and TB prevalence community: a cross-sectional observation study

by: admin - June 3rd, 2011   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Background:
Understanding of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) in high TB and HIV prevalent settings is required in order to develop effective intervention strategies for TB control. However, there are little data assessing incidence of TB infection in adolescents in these settings.
Methods:
We performed a tuberculin skin test (TST) and HIV survey among secondary school learners in a high HIV and TB prevalence community. TST responses to purified protein derivative RT23 were read after 3 days. HIV-infection was assessed using Orasure(R) collection device and ELISA testing. The results of the HIV-uninfected participants were combined with those from previous surveys among primary school learners in the same community, and force of TB infection was calculated by age. Read More

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HIV infection and sexual risk behaviour among youth who have experienced orphanhood: systematic review and meta-analysis

by: admin - June 3rd, 2011   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

Background:
Previous research has suggested that orphaned children and adolescents might have elevated risk for HIV infection. We examined the state of evidence regarding the association between orphan status and HIV risk in studies of youth aged 24 years and younger.
Methods:
Using systematic review methodology, we identified 10 studies reporting data from 12 countries comparing orphaned and non-orphaned youth on HIV-related risk indicators, including HIV serostatus, other sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and sexual behaviours. We meta-analyzed data from six studies reporting prevalence data on the association between orphan status and HIV serostatus, and we qualitatively summarized data from all studies on behavioural risk factors for HIV among orphaned youth. Read More

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HIV/AIDS: Prevention drug trial disappoints

by: admin - April 18th, 2011   Filed under: News Add Comment

JOHANNESBURG, 18 April 2011 (PLUSNEWS) – A three-country study has been halted after daily doses of the antiretroviral (ARV) Truvada, used as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), failed to prevent HIV infection in the women participating.
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HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention in India: Modeling the Costs and Consequences (Health, Nutrition, and Population) HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention in India: Modeling the Costs and Consequences (Health, Nutrition, and Population) :: Amazon How should governments respond to the increasing domestic and international pressures to finance antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients? O
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Net survival of perinatally and postnatally HIV-infected children: a pooled analysis of individual data from sub-Saharan Africa.

by: admin - March 10th, 2011   Filed under: PubMed Africa Related Add Comment
drugs

Net survival of perinatally and postnatally HIV-infected children: a pooled analysis of individual data from sub-Saharan Africa.

Int J Epidemiol. 2011 Jan 18;

Authors: Marston M, Becquet R, Zaba B, Moulton LH, Gray G, Coovadia H, Essex M, Ekouevi DK, Jackson D, Coutsoudis A, Kilewo C, Leroy V, Wiktor S, Nduati R, Msellati P, Dabis F, Newell ML, Ghys PD

BACKGROUND: Previously, HIV epidemic models have used a double Weibull curve to represent high initial and late mortality of HIV-infected children, without distinguishing timing of infection (peri- or post-natally). With more data on timing of infection, which may be associated with disease progression, a separate representation of children infected early and late was proposed. METHODS: Paediatric survival post-HIV infection without anti-retroviral treatment was calculated using pooled data from 12 studies with known timing of HIV infection. Children were grouped into perinatally or post-natally infected. Read More

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AIDS in Africa: A Pandemic on the Move AIDS in Africa: A Pandemic on the Move :: Amazon Sub-Saharan Africa has been more severely affected by AIDS than any other part of the world. The United Nations reports that 25.4 million ad
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World AIDS Day 2010: Are We Finally Turning the Tide?

by: admin - November 30th, 2010   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

Since 1999, the year in which it’s thought that the AIDS epidemic peaked globally, the number of new HIV infections has fallen by 19%, prompting policymakers and scientists to suggest we may now be witnessing a turning of the tide in preventing the further spread of HIV and reversing the epidemic.

As the world prepares to mark the 30th anniversary of the first clinical identification of HIV, new numbers from UNAIDS provide compelling evidence that the epidemic can be defeated. Read More

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Mozambique: Study Finds Antiretroviral Pill Cuts HIV Infection

by: admin - November 28th, 2010   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

An international study has found that taking a daily dose of Truvada, an antiretroviral pill, reduces the chances of catching the HIV virus that causes AIDS.
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