A “Genome-to-Lead” Approach for Insecticide Discovery: Pharmacological Characterization and Screening of Aedes aegypti D1-like Dopamine Receptors

by: admin - January 30th, 2012   Filed under: Featured, PLOS NTDs Add Comment
Pharma

by Jason M. Meyer, Karin F. K. Ejendal, Larisa V. Avramova, Elisabeth E. Garland-Kuntz, Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderón, Tarsis F. Brust, Val J. Watts, Catherine A. Hill

Background

Many neglected tropical infectious diseases affecting humans are transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks. New mode-of-action chemistries are urgently sought to enhance vector management practices in countries where arthropod-borne diseases are endemic, especially where vector populations have acquired widespread resistance to insecticides. Read More

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Visual and olfactory associative learning in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto

by: admin - January 30th, 2012   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment
Source: Wikipedia

Source: Wikipedia

Background:
Memory and learning are critical aspects of the ecology of insect vectors of human pathogens because of their potential effects on contacts between vectors and their hosts. Despite this epidemiological importance, there have been only a limited number of studies investigating associative learning in insect vector species and none on Anopheline mosquitoes. Read More

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Use of the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for bacteria detection in Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) (L.)

by: admin - January 5th, 2012   Filed under: Parasites & Vectors Add Comment

Background:
Bacteria associated with insects can have a substantial impact on the biology and life cycle of their host. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique is a semi-quantitative technique that has been previously employed in odontology to detect and quantify a variety of bacterial species in dental samples. Read More

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Combining indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr and long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for improved control of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae: an experimental hut trial in Benin

by: admin - November 29th, 2011   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment

Background:
Neither indoor residual spraying (IRS) nor long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are able to fully interrupt transmission in holoendemic Africa as single interventions. The combining of IRS and LLINs presents an opportunity for improved control and management of pyrethroid resistance through the simultaneous presentation of unrelated insecticides. Read More

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Contrasting patterns of malaria drug resistance found between humans and mosquitoes

by: admin - November 18th, 2011   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment

A study conducted by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and their Zambian colleagues detected contrasting patterns of drug resistance in malaria-causing parasites taken from both humans and mosquitoes in rural Zambia. Read More

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Apicomplexan Parasites: Molecular Approaches toward Targeted Drug Development (Drug Discovery in Infectious Diseases) Apicomplexan Parasites: Molecular Approaches toward Targeted Drug Development (Drug Discovery in Infectious Diseases) :: Amazon This handbook deals with the discovery of drugs to fight apicomplexan parasites, a group of endoparasites that includes the causative agents
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Conditions of malaria transmission in Dakar from 2007 to 2010

by: admin - October 24th, 2011   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment
Source: Wikipedia

Source: Wikipedia

Background:
Previous studies in Dakar have highlighted the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. biting rates. In order to improve the knowledge of the determinants of malaria transmission in this city, the present study reports the results of an extensive entomological survey that was conducted in 45 areas in Dakar from 2007 to 2010. Read More

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Molecular Approaches to Malaria: Molecular Approaches to Malaria: :: Amazon "Molecular Approaches to Malaria" provides an overview of the rapid and significant developments that have occurred in malaria research, inc
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Epidemiological and Entomological Evaluations after Six Years or More of Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Nigeria

by: admin - October 24th, 2011   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Frank O. Richards, Abel Eigege, Emmanuel S. Miri, Alphonsus Kal, John Umaru, Davou Pam, Lindsay J. Rakers, Yohanna Sambo, Jacob Danboyi, Bako Ibrahim, Solomon E. Adelamo, Gladys Ogah, Danjuma Goshit, O. Kehinde Oyenekan, Els Mathieu, P. Craig Withers, Yisa A. Saka, Jonathan Jiya, Donald R. Hopkins

The current strategy for interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is annual mass drug administration (MDA), at good coverage, for 6 or more years. We describe our programmatic experience delivering the MDA combination of ivermectin and albendazole in Plateau and Nasarawa states in central Nigeria, where LF is caused by anopheline transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti. Baseline LF mapping using rapid blood antigen detection tests showed mean local government area (LGA) prevalence of 23% (range 4–62%). Read More

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The role of cow urine in the oviposition site preference of culicine and Anopheles mosquitoes

by: admin - October 3rd, 2011   Filed under: Parasites & Vectors Add Comment

Background:
Chemical and behavioural ecology of mosquitoes plays an important role in the development of chemical cue based vector control. To date, studies available have focused on evaluating mosquito attractants and repellents of synthetic and human origins. This study, however, was aimed at seasonal evaluation of the efficiency of cow urine in producing oviposition cues to Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus in both laboratory and field conditions. Read More

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Flight patterns reveal how mosquitoes find hosts to transmit deadly diseases

by: admin - October 3rd, 2011   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment

Experiments by University of California Riverside entomologists demonstrate mosquitoes are attracted first to carbon dioxide, then to skin odors; findings could lead to more effective mosquito traps

RIVERSIDE, Calif. — The carbon dioxide we exhale and the odors our skins emanate serve as crucial cues to female mosquitoes on the hunt for human hosts to bite and spread diseases such as malaria, dengue and yellow fever.

Two entomologists at the University of California, Riverside have now performed experiments to study how female Aedes aegypti – mosquitoes that transmit yellow fever and dengue — respond to plumes of carbon dioxide and human odor. Read More

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Predictors of mosquito net use in Ghana

by: admin - September 20th, 2011   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment
Source: Freebase

Source: Freebase

Background:
During the past decade the malaria control community has been successful in dramatically increasing the number of households that own mosquito nets. However, as many as half of nets already in households go unused. This study examines the factors associated with use of nets owned in Ghana. Read More

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Efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in Macha, Zambia, against the local Anopheles arabiensis population

by: admin - September 7th, 2011   Filed under: Malaria Add Comment

Background:
The mosquito Anopheles arabiensis is the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Macha, Zambia. A major portion of Zambia’s current malaria control programme relies on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides. Currently, the efficacy of these measures against An. arabiensis in Macha is unknown, and previous data has shown that An. arabiensis has continued to feed on human hosts, despite high ITN coverage. It is possible that this could be due to either decreased efficacy of ITNs in used in Macha, or pyrethroid resistance in the vector. Read More

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Molecular Approaches to Malaria: Molecular Approaches to Malaria: :: Amazon "Molecular Approaches to Malaria" provides an overview of the rapid and significant developments that have occurred in malaria research, inc
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Durability associated efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets after five years of household use

by: admin - August 20th, 2011   Filed under: Parasites & Vectors Add Comment

Background:
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been strongly advocated for use to prevent malaria in sub-Saharan Africa and have significantly reduced human-vector contact. PermaNet(R) 2.0 is among the five LLINs brands which have been given full approval by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). Read More

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