Prevalence, Features and Risk Factors for Malaria Co-Infections amongst Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients from Amudat Hospital, Uganda

by: admin - April 16th, 2012   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Erika van den Bogaart, Marieke M. Z. Berkhout, Emily R. Adams, Pètra F. Mens, Elizabeth Sentongo, Dawson B. Mbulamberi, Masja Straetemans, Henk D. F. H. Schallig, Francois Chappuis

Background and methodology

Due to geographic overlap of malaria and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), co-infections may exist but have been poorly investigated. To describe prevalence, features and risk factors for VL-malaria co-infections, a case-control analysis was conducted on data collected at Amudat Hospital, Uganda (2000–2006) by Médecins sans Frontières. Read More

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Rapid HIV tests: from meta-analysis to field application

by: admin - February 2nd, 2012   Filed under: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Add Comment

In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Nitika Pant Pai and colleagues concluded, in a systematic review and meta-analysis, that a rapid point-of-care HIV test, Oraquick, had a slightly lower sensitivity for oral specimens (98·03%) than blood specimens (99·68%), but specificities were similar (99·74% vs 99·91%). Although the positive predictive values (PPVs) were similar (98·65% vs 98·50%) in high-prevalence settings (HIV prevalence >1%), they identified a lower PPV for oral specimens (88·55%) than blood specimens (97·65%) in lower-prevalence settings.
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Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone

by: admin - January 13th, 2012   Filed under: Parasites & Vectors Add Comment

Background:
National mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) was conducted using Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) in 2005 to determine endemicity and geographic spread of the disease. A baseline microfilaria survey was then conducted to determine LF prevalence and microfilaria intensity. Read More

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Efficacy of integrated school based de-worming and prompt malaria treatment on helminths-Plasmodium falciparum co-infections: A 33 months follow up study

by: admin - November 9th, 2011   Filed under: BMC International Health and Human Rights Add Comment

Background:
The geographical congruency in distribution of helminths and Plasmodium falciparum makes polyparasitism a common phenomenon in Sub Saharan Africa. The devastating effects of helminths-Plasmodium co-infections on primary school health have raised global interest for integrated control. However little is known on the feasibility, timing and efficacy of integrated helminths-Plasmodium control strategies. A study was conducted in Zimbabwe to evaluate the efficacy of repeated combined school based antihelminthic and prompt malaria treatment. Read More

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Impact of Lipodystrophy on the Prevalence and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-infected patients

by: admin - September 27th, 2011   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Background:
In HIV-infected patients, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with clinical lipodystrophy (CL) and metabolic abnormalities (MA). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, and to determine whether patients with or without CL had a different prevalence of MA. Read More

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HIV Surveillance in a Large, Community-Based Study: Results from the Pilot Study of Project Accept (HIV Prevention Trials Network 043)

by: admin - September 27th, 2011   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Background:
Project Accept is a community randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of community mobilization, mobile testing, same-day results, and post-test support for the prevention of HIV infection in Thailand, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. We evaluated the accuracy of in-country HIV rapid testing and determined HIV prevalence in the Project Accept pilot study. Read More

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HIV/AIDS: An Atlas of Investigation and Management HIV/AIDS: An Atlas of Investigation and Management :: Amazon In this new work, authors based at one of London's leading centres for the study and treatment of HIV present a comprehensive visual introdu
When Communities Assess their AIDS Epidemics: Results of Rapid Assessment of HIV/AIDS in Eleven U.S. Cities When Communities Assess their AIDS Epidemics: Results of Rapid Assessment of HIV/AIDS in Eleven U.S. Cities :: Amazon When Communities Assess their AIDS Epidemics is a detailed ethnographic description of the AIDS epidemic in ten U.S. cities and the U.S. Vir
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Adult male circumcision as an intervention against HIV: An operational study of uptake in a South African community (ANRS 12126)

by: admin - September 27th, 2011   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Background:
To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about adult male circumcision (AMC), assess the association of AMC with HIV incidence and prevalence, and estimate AMC uptake in a Southern African community. Read More

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[Articles] HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study

by: admin - September 5th, 2011   Filed under: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Add Comment

Summary/Background:

There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the prevalence of primary resistance in six African countries after ART roll-out and if wider use of ART in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with rising prevalence of drug resistance.

Methods:

We did a cross-sectional study in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1 who had not started first-line ART, recruited between 2007 and 2009 from 11 regions in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
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AIDS in Africa: A Pandemic on the Move AIDS in Africa: A Pandemic on the Move :: Amazon Sub-Saharan Africa has been more severely affected by AIDS than any other part of the world. The United Nations reports that 25.4 million ad
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Tsetse Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus: Hope or Hindrance for Tsetse Control?

by: admin - September 2nd, 2011   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Andrew G. Parker, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Max Bergoin

Many species of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH), and flies with SGH symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%–5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. Read More

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Tuberculosis in Sudan: a study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain genotype and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs.

by: admin - August 23rd, 2011   Filed under: BMC Infectious Diseases Add Comment
Source: Wikipedia

Source: Wikipedia

Background:
Sudan is a large country with a diverse population and history of civil conflict. Poverty levels are high with a gross national income per capita of less than two thousand dollars. The country has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) with an estimated 50,000 incident cases during 2009, when the estimated prevalence was 209 cases per 100,000 of the population. Few studies have been undertaken on TB in Sudan and the prevalence of drug resistant disease is not known. Read More

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Handbook of Tuberculosis: Clinics, Diagnostics, Therapy, and Epidemiology Handbook of Tuberculosis: Clinics, Diagnostics, Therapy, and Epidemiology :: Amazon Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly airborne disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, takes the lives of almost 2 million people
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HIV and Incarceration: prisons and detention

by: admin - June 6th, 2011   Filed under: HIV/Aids Add Comment

The high prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and pre-trial detainees, combined with overcrowding and sub-standard living conditions sometimes amounting to inhuman or degrading treatment in violation of international law, make prisons and other detention centres a high risk environment for the transmission of HIV. Ultimately, this contributes to HIV epidemics in the communities to which prisoners return upon their release.We reviewed the evidence regarding HIV prevalence, risk behaviours and transmission in prisons. We also reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of interventions and approaches to reduce the risk behaviours and, consequently, HIV transmission in prisons. Read More

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Sustained reduction in prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection in spite of missed rounds of mass drug administration in an area under mosquito nets for malaria control

by: admin - June 5th, 2011   Filed under: Parasites & Vectors Add Comment

Background:
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) was established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2000 with the goal of eliminating lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem globally by 2020. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antifilarial drugs is the principal strategy recommended for global elimination. Kenya launched a National Programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (NPELF) in Coast Region in 2002. During the same year a longitudinal research project to monitor trends of LF infection during MDA started in a highly endemic area in Malindi District. High coverage of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) in the coastal region has been associated with dramatic decline in hospital admissions due to malaria; high usage of ITNs is also expected to have an impact on LF infection, also transmitted by mosquitoes. Read More

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Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States :: Amazon The emergence of HIV disease and AIDS, the reemergence of tuberculosis, and the increased opportunity for disease spread through internation
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