Additive Protection by Antioxidant and Apoptosis-Inhibiting Effects on Mosquito Cells with Dengue 2 Virus Infection

by: admin - April 28th, 2012   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Tien-Huang Chen, Yin-Ping Lo, Chao-Fu Yang, Wei-June Chen

Cytopathic effects (CPEs) in mosquito cells are generally trivial compared to those that occur in mammalian cells, which usually end up undergoing apoptosis during dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, oxidative stress was detected in both types of infected cells. Despite this, the survival of mosquito cells benefits from the upregulation of genes related to antioxidant defense, such as glutathione S transferase (GST). Read More

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Dengue Virus: Detection, Diagnosis and Control (Virology Research Progress) Dengue Virus: Detection, Diagnosis and Control (Virology Research Progress) :: Amazon Dengue is an endemic viral disease affecting human population in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban a
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Replication of immunodeficiency virus in humans

by: admin - April 18th, 2012   Filed under: News Add Comment

VIROLOGY Replication of immunodeficiency virus in humans

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which attacks the immune system and leaves infected individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections. AIDS and HIV-1 are thought to have a relatively short history in humans, with the first infections likely occurring around the turn of the 20th century. Read More

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The Neurology of AIDS The Neurology of AIDS :: Amazon Neurological complications of progressive HIV-1 infection remain a common cause of morbidity even during widespread use of antiretroviral th
Human Virology Human Virology :: Amazon Viruses are the smallest of organisms, yet given that they account for at least a third of presentations in the doctors clinic, they must be
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Clinical Forms of Chikungunya in Gabon, 2010

by: admin - February 24th, 2012   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Dieudonné Nkoghe, Roland Fabrice Kassa, Mélanie Caron, Gilda Grard, Illich Mombo, Branly Bikié, Christophe Paupy, Pierre Becquart, Ulrich Bisvigou, Eric Maurice Leroy

Background

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused multiple outbreaks in tropical and temperate areas worldwide, but the clinical and biological features of this disease are poorly described, particularly in Africa. We report a prospective study of clinical and biological features during an outbreak that occurred in Franceville, Gabon in 2010. Read More

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A Temporal Role Of Type I Interferon Signaling in CD8+ T Cell Maturation during Acute West Nile Virus Infection

by: admin - December 12th, 2011   Filed under: PLos Pathogens Add Comment

by Amelia K. Pinto, Stephane Daffis, James D. Brien, Maria D. Gainey, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Kathleen C. F. Sheehan, Kenneth M. Murphy, Robert D. Schreiber, Michael S. Diamond

A genetic absence of the common IFN- α/β signaling receptor (IFNAR) in mice is associated with enhanced viral replication and altered adaptive immune responses. However, analysis of IFNAR-/- mice is limited for studying the functions of type I IFN at discrete stages of viral infection. Read More

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A Replicating Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine Encoding a Single Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein CTL Epitope Confers Protection against Ebola Virus.

by: admin - September 2nd, 2011   Filed under: Infectious disease Add Comment

A Replicating Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine Encoding a Single Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein CTL Epitope Confers Protection against Ebola Virus.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Aug;5(8):e1275

Authors: Tsuda Y, Caposio P, Parkins CJ, Botto S, Messaoudi I, Cicin-Sain L, Feldmann H, Jarvis MA

Abstract

Source: Wikipedia

Source: Wikipedia

BACKGROUND: Human outbreaks of Ebola virus (EBOV) are a serious human health concern in Central Africa. Great apes (gorillas/chimpanzees) are an important source of EBOV transmission to humans due to increased hunting of wildlife including the ‘bush-meat’ trade. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an highly immunogenic virus that has shown recent utility as a vaccine platform. CMV-based vaccines also have the unique potential to re-infect and disseminate through target populations regardless of prior CMV immunity, which may be ideal for achieving high vaccine coverage in inaccessible populations such as great apes. Read More

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Tsetse Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus: Hope or Hindrance for Tsetse Control?

by: admin - September 2nd, 2011   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Andrew G. Parker, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Max Bergoin

Many species of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH), and flies with SGH symptoms have a reduced fecundity and fertility. The prevalence of SGH in wild tsetse populations is usually very low (0.2%–5%), but higher prevalence rates (15.2%) have been observed occasionally. Read More

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Epstein-Barr virus DNA quantification and follow-up in Tunisian nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

by: admin - August 12th, 2011   Filed under: Cancer Add Comment

Epstein-Barr virus DNA quantification and follow-up in Tunisian nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

Biomarkers. 2011 May;16(3):274-80

Authors: Hassen E, Farhat K, Gabbouj S, Bouaouina N, Abdelaziz H, Chouchane L

The prognostic value of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in sera of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients measured before any treatment, after treatment and before relapse was assessed. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the viral load levels among 74 NPC subjects. Patients were followed up for a period going from 1 to 6 years (median 4 years). Before treatment, the EBV DNA load was correlated with lymph node involvement and advanced stages. After treatment, the viral load level declined significantly and patients presenting a viral load level lower than 1000 copies/ml showed a better overall survival (OS). Moreover, a significant result was found when the 6-year OS rates of patients having fewer or more than 15,000 copies/ml of viral load before relapse were compared. These results suggest that the EBV DNA load quantification after treatment may be a useful predictor of disease progression and survival.

PMID: 21506698 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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First Report of Sylvatic DENV-2-Associated Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in West Africa

by: admin - August 10th, 2011   Filed under: PLOS NTDs Add Comment

by Leticia Franco, Gustavo Palacios, José Antonio Martinez, Ana Vázquez, Nazir Savji, Fernando De Ory, María Paz Sanchez-Seco, Dolores Martín, W. Ian Lipkin, Antonio Tenorio

Dengue virus (DENV) circulates in human and sylvatic cycles. Sylvatic strains are both ecologically and evolutionarily distinct from endemic viruses. Although sylvatic dengue cycles occur in West African countries and Malaysia, only a few cases of mild human disease caused by sylvatic strains and one single case of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Malaysia have been reported. Here we report a case of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with thrombocytopenia (13000/µl), a raised hematocrit (32% above baseline) and mucosal bleeding in a 27-year-old male returning to Spain in November 2009 after visiting his home country Guinea Bissau. Sylvatic DENV-2 West African lineage was isolated from blood and sera. This is the first case of DHF associated with sylvatic DENV-2 in Africa and the second case worldwide of DHF caused by a sylvatic strain.
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Feeding behaviour of potential vectors of West Nile virus in Senegal

by: admin - June 15th, 2011   Filed under: Parasites & Vectors Add Comment
Source: Freebase

Source: Freebase

Background:
West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread pathogen maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds with occasional spill-over into dead-end hosts such as horses and humans. Migratory birds are believed to play an important role in its dissemination from and to the Palaearctic area, as well as its local dispersion between wintering sites. The Djoudj Park, located in Senegal, is a major wintering site for birds migrating from Europe during the study period (Sept. 2008- Jan. 2009). Read More

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Kupffer Cells Hasten Resolution of Liver Immunopathology in Mouse Models of Viral Hepatitis

by: admin - June 9th, 2011   Filed under: Other Add Comment

by Giovanni Sitia, Matteo Iannacone, Roberto Aiolfi, Masanori Isogawa, Nico van Rooijen, Cristina Scozzesi, Marco E. Bianchi, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Francis V. Chisari, Luca G. Guidotti

Kupffer cells (KCs) are widely considered important contributors to liver injury during viral hepatitis due to their pro-inflammatory activity. Herein we utilized hepatitis B virus (HBV)-replication competent transgenic mice and wild-type mice infected with a hepatotropic adenovirus to demonstrate that KCs do not directly induce hepatocellular injury nor do they affect the pathogenic potential of virus-specific CD8 T cells. Instead, KCs limit the severity of liver immunopathology. Mechanistically, our results are most compatible with the hypothesis that KCs contain liver immunopathology by removing apoptotic hepatocytes in a manner largely dependent on scavenger receptors. Apoptotic hepatocytes not readily removed by KCs become secondarily necrotic and release high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) protein, promoting organ infiltration by inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils. Overall, these results indicate that KCs resolve rather than worsen liver immunopathology.
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Replication, Pathogenicity, Shedding, and Transmission of Zaire ebolavirus in Pigs.

by: admin - May 18th, 2011   Filed under: Infectious disease Add Comment

Replication, Pathogenicity, Shedding, and Transmission of Zaire ebolavirus in Pigs.

J Infect Dis. 2011 May 12;

Authors: Kobinger GP, Leung A, Neufeld J, Richardson JS, Falzarano D, Smith G, Tierney K, Patel A, Weingartl HM

Background. Reston ebolavirus was recently detected in pigs in the Philippines. Specific antibodies were found in pig farmers, indicating exposure to the virus. This important observation raises the possibility that pigs may be susceptible to Ebola virus infection, including from other species, such as Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), and can transmit to other susceptible hosts. Read More

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Clonal Structure of Rapid-Onset MDV-Driven CD4+ Lymphomas and Responding CD8+ T Cells

by: admin - May 9th, 2011   Filed under: PLos Pathogens Add Comment

by William N. Mwangi, Lorraine P. Smith, Susan J. Baigent, Richard K. Beal, Venugopal Nair, Adrian L. Smith

Lymphoid oncogenesis is a life threatening complication associated with a number of persistent viral infections (e.g. EBV and HTLV-1 in humans). With many of these infections it is difficult to study their natural history and the dynamics of tumor formation. Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) is a prevalent α-herpesvirus of poultry, inducing CD4+ TCRαβ+ T cell tumors in susceptible hosts. The high penetrance and temporal predictability of tumor induction raises issues related to the clonal structure of these lymphomas. Read More

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